Experimental investigation on gasification characteristics of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics in supercritical water

In order to solve the problem of marine microplastics and realize the harmless resource utilization of plastics, the gasification experiments of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics were carried out in supercritical water and a novel seawater gasification of microplastic experiment was investigated. In this paper, the effects of different operating conditions (temperature, time, feedstock concentration, pressure) on gasification performance were discussed. The gasification kinetic of microplastics in supercritical water was calculated. The experimental results showed that the increase in gasification temperature and time enhanced the cracking reaction and free radical reaction of the microplastics to increase the gasification efficiency, while the reduction in feedstock concentration improved the gasification efficiency by increasing the gasification level of unit feedstock. The change in pressure had no significant effect on gasification due to the fact that the properties of the supercritical water were not significantly changed. It was found that the valuable results that all alkali metal salts in seawater promote hydrogen conversion, while in terms of carbon conversion, only KCl, CaCl₂, NaHCO₃ and seawater had a significant catalytic effect on the gasification. Seawater gasification of microplastics was a potential resource utilization method. Finally, it was considered that the PC plastic gasification conformed to the random nucleation and subsequent growth model (n = 3), and the reaction activation energy was 230.45 kJ/mol, which was smaller than that of traditional pyrolysis.     

Simultaneously improving the electrical properties and long-term stability of ZnO varistor ceramics by reversely manipulating intrinsic point defects

Excellent electrical properties and the improved long-term stability of ZnO varistor ceramics were simultaneously achieved by doping NiO. The microstructural features were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, while the intrinsic point defects were characterized using frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy and verified by photoluminescence and Raman spectra. The results indicated that in the ZnO varistor ceramics, a reverse manipulation of donor point defects, i.e., suppressing mobile zinc interstitial but increasing stable oxygen vacancy, was achieved. The long-term stability of NiO-doped ZnO ceramics was improved via a decrease in zinc interstitial density, with a degradation rate of 0.064 μA cm^?2 h^?0.5. Meanwhile, due to an increase in oxygen vacancy density, the excellent nonlinear current–voltage performance, i.e., a high nonlinear coefficient (72.9), low leakage current density (0.08 μA cm^?2), and low grain resistivity (13.43 × 10^?3 Ω m), was maintained. The findings of this study provide a possible method for developing high-performance ZnO varistor ceramics by manipulating point defects.     

改进的梯级负荷分配耗能最小模型

针对梯级负荷分配耗能最小模型在实际应用中存在的梯级耗能与梯级水库状态转移路径有关的不合常理现象,文中研究了梯级水库的能量变化关系,分析了不蓄电能损失和尾水水头损失对水库能耗的影响,对耗能最小模型进行了改进和完善。以湖南五强溪—凌津滩梯级水库系统为例,仿真结果表明,与按耗能最小模型的最优方案运行相比,按文中改进模型的最优方案运行,梯级系统耗能减少了1.61%,说明改进的模型能够更准确地反映梯级水库系统的能量变化关系和规律。     

基于行波分析的变压器绕组匝间短路故障定位

针对变压器绕组匝间轻微短路故障定位问题,本文提出基于行波分析的故障定位方法。该法在绕组线端输入低压脉冲以获取行波反射信号,基于相关系数和SG滤波的改进EEMD降噪法降低噪声对行波的干扰,分别采用相似度分析法与能量比值法分析行波,得到大致随故障位置单调变化的故障特征集,再结合遗传神经网络建立起故障特征与故障位置的映射关系,实现匝间短路故障定位。仿真和样本实验结果表明了本文方法的可行性。     

配电网图形数据集成应用方法研究

文中介绍1套集配电网生产运行、调度、营销等基础数据和高精度地图、设备坐标、负荷曲线为一体的配电网图形数据管理系统,该系统提供一个熟悉配电网现场实际情况、获取电网规划基础数据的有效工具,目前该系统已在长沙地区配电网规划中得以成功应用。     

Generation scheduling in smart grid environment using global best artificial bee colony algorithm

Generation scheduling is an important concern of the current power system which is suffering from many obstacles of limited generation resources, grown energy demand and fuel price, inconsistent load demand and fluctuations of available wind power in case of the thermal–wind system. Smart grid system has a great potential of tumbling existing power system difficulties with intelligent infrastructure and computation technologies. Three different distributed energy resources, namely, distributed generation, demand response and gridable vehicles are used in this paper to overcome the power system hitches. The classical generation scheduling is solved with insertion of the cost of demand response and the cost model pertaining to underestimation and overestimation of fluctuating wind power. The modified optimization problem is solved using an efficient Global best artificial bee colony algorithm for 10 generating units test system. Generation scheduling in the smart grid environment yields a significant reduction in the total cost.     

基于电力调度工作流构建运行管理的互联互通框架

在智能电网调度控制系统整体框架下,以电力调度工作流作为流程描述规范,E语言文件作为数据交互载体,消息邮件作为数据交互工具,以调控运行管理需求为导向,设计研发运行管理系统的横纵向多级立体式互联互通框架。应用所述框架,实现调控机构纵向业务流程贯通和跨安全区的横向业务融合,从而实现业务流程完整的、闭环的一体化运作,并且实现与大检修管理系统的横向数据共享。     

Decision trees aided scheduling for firm power capacity provision by virtual power plants

The incorporation of Distributed Generation (DG) under the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept allows the market integration of several and largely dispersed electric power sources. One matter of concern for the VPP owner and operator is to follow the hourly schedule regardless of the stochastic nature of some of its sources or any unpredicted generation outages. This study presents a Decision Tree (DT) based methodology that prepares for the dispatching of power equivalent to the possible loss of the highest injection of one of the sources of the VPP (according to day-ahead hourly schedule) to the rest of its sources, on an hour-ahead horizon. This allows VPP operators to provide firm capacity and participate effectively in the energy market.     

Effect of YSZ-incorporated glass-based composite coating on oxidation behavior of K438G superalloy at 1000 °C

A glass-based composite coating incorporating YSZ particles was prepared by sintering on K438G superalloy substrates. The YSZ additions increased the cyclic oxidation resistance at 1000 °C, while the formation of zircon resulting from interfacial reactions between YSZ and the glass matrix worked reversely. Besides, the YSZ inclusions changed the crystallization behavior of the glass matrix, and only anorthite precipitated during cyclic oxidation. Due to the synergy of sand-blasting and sealing effect of the glass-based coating, the oxidation behavior of K438G was changed and a layer of alumina instead of chromia formed at the substrate/coating interface. Furthermore, a gahnite layer formed at the alumina/gahnite interface because of interfacial reactions between alumina and the glass matrix, leading to the formation of a bi-layered thermally grown oxide. Thus, the alumina layer was protected from the attack of the active glass matrix. Accordingly, the coated K438G superalloy exhibited satisfactory oxidation resistance at 1000 °C.     

湖南省雷电活动及其规律的分析

地闪活动规律是防雷工程中重要的基础资料,可以为输电线路路经的选择及采取有效的防雷措施提供参考依据。为掌握湖南省雷电活动及其规律,根据湖南省雷电定位系统2002—2010年共9a的雷电数据,统计分析了湖南的雷电流强度概率分布;结合气象观测站1997—2003年雷暴日观测记录,利用地理信息系统（GIS）,采用网格法统计不同...